Optimal pricing for a short life‐cycle product when customer price‐sensitivity varies over time

Technology products often experience a life‐cycle demand pattern that resembles a diffusion process, with weak demand in the beginning and the end of the life cycle and high demand intensity in between. The customer price‐sensitivity also changes over the life cycle of the product. We study the prespecified pricing decision for a product that exhibits such demand characteristics. In particular, we determine the optimal set of discrete prices and the times to switch from one price to another, when a limited number of price changes are allowed. Our study shows that the optimal prices and switching times show interesting patterns that depend on the product's demand pattern and the change in the customers' price sensitivity over the life cycle of the product. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2012     

浅析日本太空安全战略

近年来,日本将太空安全视为国家太空战略的首要事项,不断加强太空安全能力建设。成立宇宙作战部队之后,太空安全战略向备战太空走向明显。本文分析了日本太空安全战略由“和平利用”到“保守防御”型再到“攻防兼备”型的演变过程,通过对《宇宙基本法》《宇宙基本计划》《国家安全战略》《日美防卫合作指针》等文件内容进行研判,得出日本太空安全战略具有致力于太空军事利用、构建日美太空同盟和发挥国际太空规则话语权三个特点。     

A search game on a cyclic graph

There is a finite cyclic graph. The hider chooses one of all nodes except the specified one, and he hides an (immobile) object there. At the beginning the seeker is at the specified node. After the seeker chooses an ordering of the nodes except the specified one, he examines each nodes in that order until he finds the object, traveling along edges. It costs an amount when he moves from a node to an adjacent one and also when he checks a node. While the hider wishes to maximize the sum of the traveling costs and the examination costs which are required to find the object, the seeker wishes to minimize it. The problem is modeled as a two‐person zero‐sum game. We solve the game when unit costs (traveling cost + examination cost) have geometrical relations depending on nodes. Then we give properties of optimal strategies of both players. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004.     

协调发展是邓小平非均衡发展战略的完善和创新

非均衡发展战略是邓小平经济发展理论的重要组成部分。先富带后富的指导思想 ,先沿海后内陆的战略布置以及“三步走”的战略目标 ,在实践中取得了巨大成功 ,有力的推动了我国经济的快速发展。现阶段 ,针对地区之间、城乡之间收入差距拉大等现状 ,采取协调发展战略 ,是对非均衡发展战略的完善和发展 ,是新时期经济社会发展的客观需要     

简析汉匈争夺西域之战与两汉时期中央政府西进策略

两汉与匈奴的和战维持了四百多年,持续如此之久的战争和复杂多变的关系在中国历代民族关系史中是绝无仅有的,本文从战争的角度分析战争的原因、特点及双方得失,着重探讨两汉中央政府西进策略的得失。     

基于QoS的网络计费管理软件的设计与实现

针对原来的基于时间和基于流量的计费模式在实时多媒体业务中显现出来的弊端,提出了一种基于QoS的网络计费模式,并介绍了在小区宽带接入系统中的实现,给出了这种计费模式的策略和主要数据结构.     

网络中基于Agent的信息搜索特点及策略规划

基于网络条件下信息搜索的特点,采用搜索策略表示信息收集Agent对主机进行信息查寻的规划和过程,将搜索过程看作是一个三维空间,这个空间由条件、方法、信息源构成;给出了一种基于Agent的信息查找策略,用AgentSpeak(L)描述并实现了规划过程.     

复杂电磁环境下电子系统仿生防护模式研究

阐述电磁防护工作中仿生研究所需要涉及的学科类型和基本内容,对所做工作在整个仿生领域中进行大致的定位;提出生物一电子研究的对等模型、总体构成和实现基础,细化具体研究的方向、设想和防护模式,并从原型实现的工程角度介绍实施策略,使得复杂电磁干扰环境下控制系统板卡及芯片级防护的仿生构想在技术上成为可能。     

新阶段推进武警学院科学发展的战略思考

武警学院要在新阶段、新起点上实现又好又快发展,必须用科学发展观统领发展战略,解决＂发展什么＂和＂怎么发展＂两个根本问题。为此,对学院发展面临的形势要有新认识,发展理念要有新升华,发展路径要有新突破。     

Market entry strategy in the presence of market spillovers and efficiency differentiation

Firms form various alliances or use brand extensions to enter new markets in order to improve their operational efficiency and create a positive spillover. However, they do not always know the implications of these strategies for market entry and multimarket competition because the sale of products in one market can have negative spillover effects on product sales in other markets. We present an analytical framework to examine whether and how (i.e., by choosing alliance entry or independent entry) competing firms should enter a market in a situation where market spillovers occur when a firm enters a spillover-producing market to sell products that may increase or decrease the consumers' willingness to pay for products in the primary market. Our analysis shows that the operational efficiency (or quality differentiation ability) of firms in a spillover-producing market varies, and hence, the impact of market spillovers differs for firms. We identify the key factors, such as bargaining power, brand value difference in the primary market, and the extent of efficiencies and spillovers, that determine the firms benefitting from the different entry strategies. Specifically, we show that firms would be more willing to choose an alliance strategy to enter a spillover-producing market if the negative spillover is small and alliance efficiency is high. In contrast, if an alliance entry is not favored, the firms' relative operational efficiency is crucial for them to decide whether to enter the market independently under moderate spillover conditions. Finally, we show the implications of market entry strategies for managers.